Nembanemba ya cell ya myocardial ndi nembanemba yomwe imatha kutha.Popuma, chiwerengero china cha ma cations abwino amakonzedwa kunja kwa nembanemba.Nambala yofanana ya anion yoyipa imayikidwa mu nembanemba, ndipo kuthekera kowonjezera kwa membrane ndikwapamwamba kuposa nembanemba, yomwe imatchedwa polarization state.Pakupuma, ma cardiomyocytes mu gawo lililonse la mtima ali mu polarized state, ndipo palibe kusiyana komwe kungatheke.Njira yokhotakhota yomwe imatsatiridwa ndi chojambulira pano ndiyowongoka, yomwe ndi mzere wa equipotential wa pamwamba pa electrocardiogram.Pamene cardiomyocytes imalimbikitsidwa ndi mphamvu inayake, kusinthasintha kwa nembanemba ya selo kumasintha ndipo ma cations ambiri amalowa mu nembanemba mu nthawi yochepa, kotero kuti zomwe zingatheke mkati mwa nembanemba zimasintha kuchoka ku zoipa kupita ku zoipa.Njira imeneyi imatchedwa depolarization.Kwa mtima wonse, kusintha kotheka kwa cardiomyocytes kuchokera ku endocardial kupita ku epicardial sequence depolarization, njira yokhotakhota yomwe imatsatiridwa ndi chojambulira pano imatchedwa depolarization wave, ndiko kuti, P wave ndi ventricle ya atrium pamtunda wa electrocardiogram QRS wave.Selo likachotsedwa kwathunthu, nembanemba ya cell imatulutsa ma cations ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthekera kwa nembanemba kusintha kuchokera ku zabwino kupita ku zoyipa ndikubwerera ku polarization state.Izi zimachitika ndi epicardium kupita ku endocardium, yomwe imatchedwa repolarization.Mofananamo, kusintha komwe kungatheke panthawi yobwezeretsanso ma cardiomyocytes akufotokozedwa ndi chojambulira chamakono ngati mafunde a polar.Popeza kuti repolarization ndondomeko ndi pang'onopang'ono, repolarization wave ndi wotsika kuposa depolarization wave.Electrocardiogram ya atrium ndi yotsika mu atrium wave ndipo imayikidwa mu ventricle.Mafunde a polar a ventricle amawoneka ngati mafunde a T pamtunda wa electrocardiogram.Ma cardiomyocytes onse atatha kubwezeretsedwanso, dziko la polarization linabwezeretsedwanso.Panalibe kusiyana komwe kungatheke pakati pa maselo a myocardial mu gawo lirilonse, ndipo electrocardiogram ya pamwamba inalembedwa pamzere wa equipotential.
Mtima uli ndi mbali zitatu.Pofuna kuwonetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zamagulu osiyanasiyana a mtima, ma electrode amaikidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana a thupi kuti alembe ndikuwonetsa ntchito zamagetsi zamtima.Mu electrocardiography yachizoloŵezi, ma electrode otsogolera a miyendo 4 okha ndi V1 mpaka V66 thoracic lead electrodes nthawi zambiri amaikidwa, ndipo electrocardiogram yokhazikika ya 12 imalembedwa.Kutsogola kosiyana kumapangidwa pakati pa ma elekitirodi awiri kapena pakati pa ma elekitirodi ndi malekezero apakati omwe angathe kutha ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi mitengo yabwino komanso yoyipa ya electrocardiograph galvanometer kudzera pa waya wotsogolera kuti alembe ntchito yamagetsi yamtima.Mtsogoleri wa bipolar amapangidwa pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri, mtsogoleri wina kukhala mtengo wabwino ndipo mtsogoleri wina amakhala mzati wopanda pake.Miyezo ya Bipolar imaphatikizapo I lead, II lead ndi III lead;kutsogola kwa monopolar kumapangidwa pakati pa electrode ndi kumapeto kwapakati komwe kungatheke, pomwe ma elekitirodi ozindikira ndi mzati wabwino ndipo kumapeto kwapakatikati ndikotsika koyipa.Mapeto apakati amagetsi ndi Kusiyana komwe kungathe kulembedwa pa electrode yolakwika ndikochepa kwambiri, kotero kuti electrode yolakwika ndiyotanthawuza kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingatheke za kutsogolo kwa ziwalo zina ziwiri kupatulapo probe electrode.
Electrocardiogram imalemba mapindikidwe amagetsi pakapita nthawi.Electrocardiogram imalembedwa pamapepala ogwirizanitsa, ndipo pepala logwirizanitsa limapangidwa ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono a 1 mm m'lifupi ndi 1 mm kutalika.The abscissa imayimira nthawi ndipo cholumikizira chimayimira voteji.Nthawi zambiri amalembedwa pa liwiro la pepala la 25mm/s, 1 gululi yaying'ono = 1mm = masekondi 0.04.Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi 1 gridi yaying'ono = 1 mm = 0.1 mv.Njira zoyezera ma electrocardiogram axis makamaka zimaphatikizapo njira yowonera, njira yopangira mapu, ndi njira yoyang'ana patebulo.Mtima umapanga ma vector osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana a galvanic pakupanga depolarization ndi repolarization.Ma galvanic angapo ma vectors mosiyanasiyana amaphatikizidwa kukhala vekitala kuti apange cholumikizira cha ECG cha mtima wonse.Vector ya mtima ndi vekitala ya mbali zitatu yokhala ndi ndege zakutsogolo, za sagittal, ndi zopingasa.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala ndikuwongolera kwa vector yapang'onopang'ono yomwe imawonetsedwa kutsogolo kwa ventricular depolarization.Thandizani kudziwa ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yamtima ndi yabwinobwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2021